
Silent price of self-medication: drug abuse damages the kidneys
Nephrotoxicity can manifest itself in high blood pressure, water and sodium retention, excess potassium, tissue inflammation or acute kidney failure.

Nephrotoxicity can manifest itself in high blood pressure, water and sodium retention, excess potassium, tissue inflammation or acute kidney failure.

Knowing the mechanisms and warning signs is key to not falling into a vicious cycle of self-medication that ends up worsening the problem.

The risk is amplified by the "second hit" phenomenon, when an already stunned athlete receives a new impact.

Ibuprofen can relieve pain and inflammation, but its frequent use or in high doses increases digestive, cardiovascular and kidney risks.